coefficient of variation 是一个名词短语,通常作主语或宾语。它可数,复数形式为 coefficients of variation。常见句型:The coefficient of variation is calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean. 它常与动词 calculate、compute、report、compare 等连用。易错点:1)不要与 coefficient of determination(决定系数)混淆;2)当平均值接近零时,变异系数会变得不稳定甚至无意义,因此使用时需注意数据条件;3)在正式写作中,首次出现时最好给出全称和缩写 CV,之后可用 CV 指代。
词义辨析
与 coefficient of variation 意思相近的词有 relative standard deviation (RSD)、standard deviation、variance、relative variability 等。relative standard deviation 通常指变异系数的绝对值(不带百分号),而 coefficient of variation 常以百分数表示,两者本质相同,但 RSD 更强调“相对标准差”。standard deviation 是绝对离散程度,不消除量纲影响,因此不能直接比较均值不同的数据集。variance 是标准差的平方,也是绝对指标。relative variability 是更宽泛的术语,可指任何相对离散的度量,而 coefficient of variation 是其中一种具体形式。当需要比较不同单位或不同均值的数据时,应使用 coefficient of variation;当只需描述同一数据集的波动时,可用 standard deviation。
使用提示
coefficient of variation 是一个专业术语,语域较高,适用于学术、技术、金融等正式场合,不宜在日常口语或非专业写作中使用。它本身是中性的,无褒贬色彩。常见误用包括:1)在平均值接近零或数据包含负数时使用,导致结果无意义;2)将其与标准差混用,误以为它衡量绝对波动;3)在非正态分布数据上直接套用,虽然变异系数不要求正态分布,但解释时需谨慎。此外,不同学科对变异系数的定义可能略有差异(如是否乘以100%),写作时应明确公式。
搭配用法
calculate the coefficient of variation计算变异系数
report the coefficient of variation报告变异系数
low coefficient of variation低变异系数
high coefficient of variation高变异系数
coefficient of variation of the mean均值的变异系数
coefficient of variation for repeated measurements重复测量的变异系数
coefficient of variation in finance金融中的变异系数
coefficient of variation (CV)变异系数(缩写CV)
实用例句
The coefficient of variation for the two datasets was 15% and 20%, indicating that the second dataset had greater relative variability.
In finance, the coefficient of variation is often used to compare the risk per unit of return among different assets.
The laboratory reported a coefficient of variation of 2.5% for the repeated measurements, demonstrating high precision.
When the mean is close to zero, the coefficient of variation becomes unreliable and should not be used.
The quality control chart showed that the coefficient of variation remained below 5% throughout the production run.
Researchers often report the coefficient of variation alongside the mean and standard deviation to provide a complete picture of the data.